|
The history of Rhode Island includes the history of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations from pre-colonial times (1636) to modern day. ==Pre-colonization== Indian inhabitants, including the Wampanoag, Narragansett, and Niantic tribes, occupied most of the area now known as Rhode Island.〔O'Brien, Francis J. (2004) (Bibliography for Studies of American Indians in and Around Rhode Island, 16th – 21st Centuries )〕 Most of the Indians were killed by diseases contracted through contact with French settlers and explorers, and through warfare with the Europeans. The Narragansett language died out for many years but was partially preserved in Roger Williams's ''A Key into the Languages of America'' (1643).〔(berkeley.edu website )〕 In the 21st century, the Narragansett tribe remains an federally recognized entity in Rhode Island. == Rhode Island Colony period: 1636–1776 == (詳細はRoger Williams, after being banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious views, settled at the tip of Narragansett Bay, on land granted to him by the Narragansett tribe. He called the site "Providence" and declared it a place of religious freedom. (It is no accident that the oldest surviving synagogue in North America, the Touro Synagogue, was built in Rhode Island.) Opponents of religious freedom sometimes referred to it as "Rogue's Island", and Cotton Mather called it "the sewer of New England."〔Mike Stanton, "Rhode Island: The Story Behind the Numbers," http://www.stateintegrity.org/rhodeisland_story_subpage〕 In 1638, after conferring with Williams, Anne Hutchinson, William Coddington, John Clarke, Philip Sherman, and other religious dissidents settled on Aquidneck Island (then known as Rhode Island), which was purchased from the local natives, who called it Pocasset. The settlement of Portsmouth was governed by the Portsmouth Compact. The southern part of the island became the separate settlement of Newport after disagreements among the founders. Another dissident, Samuel Gorton, purchased the Indian lands at Shawomet in 1642, precipitating a military dispute with the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1644, Providence, Portsmouth, and Newport united for their common independence as the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, governed by an elected council and "president". Gorton received a separate charter for his settlement in 1648, which he named Warwick after his patron.〔(Charter of Rhode Island (1663) )〕 The union of these four towns was strengthened by the Royal Charter of 1663. In 1686, King James II ordered Rhode Island to submit to the Dominion of New England and its appointed governor Edmund Andros. This suspended the colony's charter but Rhode Island still managed to retain possession of it until Andros was deposed and the Dominion was dissolved.〔Alan Taylor, ''American Colonies'', (2001), pp. 276-284〕 When William of Orange became King after the Glorious Revolution of 1688, Rhode Island's independent government resumed under the 1663 charter, which was used as the state constitution until 1842.〔Sean Wilentz, ''The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln'', (2005), p. 540. Wilentz notes, "Rhode Island's anomalous clinging to its colonial charter testified to the singular consolidated power of the state's old landed and mercantile elite, dating back to the eighteenth century. ... The 1663 charter enfranchised only those who owned $134 in land or paid $7 in rent, which meant that by 1840 well over half the adult male population could not vote...."〕 In 1693, the throne of William and Mary issued a patent extending Rhode Island's territory to three miles "east and northeast" of Narragansett Bay, conflicting with the claims of Plymouth Colony.〔(The Rhode Islander: The border is ... where? Part II )〕 This resulted in several later transfers of territory between Rhode Island from Massachusetts. (See History of Massachusetts.) In 1719, Rhode Island imposed civil restrictions on Catholics.〔(The Catholic Church in Colonial America by Dr. Marian T. Horvat )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Rhode Island」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|